GRAND
GRAND (the Giant Radio Array for Neutrino Detection) is a proposed next-generation observatory of ultra-high-energy (UHE) neutrinos, cosmic rays, and gamma rays of cosmic origin, with energies exceeding about 100 PeV (1 PeV = 10^15 eV). GRAND is a collection of large-scale ground arrays of self-triggered radio antennas that target the radio emission from extensive air showers initiated by UHE particles. Three prototype arrays are in operation: GRAND@Nançay in France, GRAND@Auger in Argentina, and GRANDProto300 in China. They test the detection principle and technology of GRAND, in preparation for its next phase, consisting of two arrays of 10'000 antennas each, in the Northern and Southern hemispheres, to be deployed from 2028 on.
GRAND stands out today as a unique experiment which plans to reach ambitious sensitivity and angular resolution to launch multi-messenger ultra-high-energy astronomy. The final hardware cost of the experiment is estimated to be of order 300 M euros.
GRAND is an international project that was born in the Forum of IAP, through a discussion between Olivier Martineau (LPNHE) and Kumiko Kotera (IAP). It gathers today more than 100 researchers and engineers from 14 countries. In France, the project is supported by CNRS/INSU/IN2P3, Sorbonne Université.
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